--- title: In the 1800s a doctor says illness comes from bad smells. What showe… — Germs, the immune system and hand-wash… · tree and pragmatics description: In the 1800s a doctor says illness comes from bad smells. What showed he was wrong? Test 10 · ★ of lesson 30 «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was righ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/t10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/) / [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/) / t10 # Test 10 · ★ · Germs, the immune system and hand-washing In the 1800s a doctor says illness comes from bad smells. What showed he was wrong? **Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** doctor, illness · **What happens:** say, come, show, be · **To what, where:** 1800s, bad smells · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 30 «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/#t10). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* In the 1800s a doctor says illness comes from bad smells. ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:t10:1 # text = In the 1800s a doctor says illness comes from bad smells. 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 6 obl _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 doctor doctor NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 illness illness NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 8 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 smells smell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a doctor | | | the 1800s | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **come** | present | illness | | | bad smells | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from smell=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* What showed he was wrong? ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:t10:2 # text = What showed he was wrong? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 2 nsubj _ _ 2 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 6 ? ? PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | past | | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | past | illness | | | | | wrong *property* | tree rules | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} Smells were banned ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:t10:o1:1 # text = Smells were banned 1 Smells smell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 banned ban VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ban** | past · passive | | Smells | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Experiments proved tiny germs cause infections ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:t10:o2:1 # text = Experiments proved tiny germs cause infections 1 Experiments experiment NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 proved prove VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 cause cause VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 6 infections infection NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **prove** | past | Experiments | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **cause** | present | tiny germs | infections | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition infection=Patient | ### Option 3 {#o3} Nothing, he was right about the bad smells ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:t10:o3:1 # text = Nothing, he was right about the bad smells 1 Nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 right right ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 about about ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 smells smell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Nothing | | | | | about the bad smells; right *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} Perfume was found to cure most diseases ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:t10:o4:1 # text = Perfume was found to cure most diseases 1 Perfume perfume NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 cure cure VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 7 amod _ _ 7 diseases disease NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | past · passive | | Perfume | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | | 2 | **cure** | to-infinitive | Perfume *not said here* | most diseases | | | | | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer disease=Source | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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