---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a runner who commences an 80… — Running, gymnastics and martial arts · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a runner who commences an 800-metre race at maximum velocity subsequently decelerates markedly. Exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Running, gymnastics and martial arts» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Running, gymnastics and martial arts

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a runner who commences an 800-metre race at maximum velocity subsequently decelerates markedly.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, runner · **What happens:** identify, commence, decelerate · **To what, where:** principal reason, 800-metre race, maximum velocity

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Running, gymnastics and martial arts» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a runner who commences an 800-metre race at maximum velocity subsequently decelerates markedly.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	commences	commence	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	800-metre	800-metre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	maximum	maximum	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	velocity	velocity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
17	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	decelerates	decelerate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
19	markedly	markedly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **commence** | present | a runner | a 800-metre race |  | maximum velocity |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality |
| 3 | **decelerate** | present | a runner |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; markedly, subsequently *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The footwear loses its grip upon the track

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e1:o1:1
# text = The footwear loses its grip upon the track
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	footwear	footwear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	grip	grip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | the footwear | footwear's grip |  |  |  | upon the track | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grip=Eventuality |
| 2 | **grip** |  | footwear |  |  |  |  |  | nom grip «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lactic acid accumulates in the lungs and obstructs respiration

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e1:o2:1
# text = Lactic acid accumulates in the lungs and obstructs respiration
1	Lactic	lactic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	accumulates	accumulate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	obstructs	obstruct	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** | present | Lactic acid |  |  | the lungs |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **obstruct** | present | Lactic acid *not said here* | respiration |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer respiration=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The second lap exceeds the first in length

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e1:o3:1
# text = The second lap exceeds the first in length
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	exceeds	exceed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exceed** | present | the second lap | the first |  |  |  | in length | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot first=Theme in length=Attribute |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rapidly available muscular fuel is depleted within approximately one minute

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e1:o4:1
# text = The rapidly available muscular fuel is depleted within approximately one minute
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	available	available	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	muscular	muscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	depleted	deplete	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	within	within	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deplete** | present · passive |  | the available muscular fuel |  |  | minute |  | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Source |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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