---
title: Ascertain the principal rule taught to children upon commencing inst… — Running, gymnastics and martial arts · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the principal rule taught to children upon commencing instruction in a martial art. Exam question 4 of lesson 43 «Running, gymnastics and martial arts» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

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# Exam question 4 · Running, gymnastics and martial arts

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the principal rule taught to children upon commencing instruction in a martial art.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, teach, commence · **To what, where:** principal rule, children, instruction, martial art

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 43 «Running, gymnastics and martial arts» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the principal rule taught to children upon commencing instruction in a martial art.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	taught	teach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	commencing	commence	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	martial	martial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal rule |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | participle |  | the principal rule *not said here* | children |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to child=Recipient |
| 3 | **commence** | gerund |  | instruction |  | a martial art |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That belts confer the right to fight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e4:o1:1
# text = That belts confer the right to fight
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	belts	belt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	confer	confer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confer** | present | that belts | the right |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight** | to-infinitive | that belts *not said here* | the right *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That contact in sparring is unrestricted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e4:o2:1
# text = That contact in sparring is unrestricted
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sparring	sparring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	unrestricted	unrestrict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **unrestrict** | present · passive |  | that contact in sparring |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That conflict is to be avoided and skills used only for safety

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e4:o3:1
# text = That conflict is to be avoided and skills used only for safety
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	conflict	conflict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	avoided	avoid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	skills	skill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | present · passive |  | that conflict |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: subject=Location |
| 2 | **use** | past | skills |  |  |  |  | for safety | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That opponents are to be overcome outside the club as well as within it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts:e4:o4:1
# text = That opponents are to be overcome outside the club as well as within it
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	opponents	opponent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	overcome	overcome	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	6	advmod	_	_
11	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	fixed	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
13	within	within	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcome** | present · passive |  | that opponents |  |  |  | outside the club; within club | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Running, gymnastics and martial arts, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts/e3/)
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- ↑ back to [Running, gymnastics and martial arts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/43-running-gymnastics-and-martial-arts/)