--- title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises conc… — Nosebleeds and bumps on the head · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises concussion? Exam question 2 of lesson 5 «Nosebleeds and bumps on the head» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/) / [Nosebleeds and bumps on the head](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Nosebleeds and bumps on the head Which of the following statements most accurately characterises concussion? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** concussion This is exam question 2 of lesson 5 «Nosebleeds and bumps on the head» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e2:1 # text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises concussion? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 statements statement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 accurately accurately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 characterises characteris VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 concussion concussion NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **characteris** | present | | concussion | | | | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} A fracture invariably affecting the nasal bones ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e2:o1:1 # text = A fracture invariably affecting the nasal bones 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 fracture fracture NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 invariably invariably ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 affecting affect VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 nasal nasal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **affect** | gerund | a fracture | the nasal bones | | | | invariably *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bone=Experiencer | ### Option 2 {#o2} An injury occurring only upon loss of consciousness ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e2:o2:1 # text = An injury occurring only upon loss of consciousness 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 injury injury NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 occurring occur VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 acl _ _ 4 only only ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 5 upon upon ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 loss loss NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 consciousness consciousness NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **occur** | gerund | a injury *not said here* | loss of consciousness | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 3 {#o3} A disorder of the head caused exclusively by prolonged use of screens ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e2:o3:1 # text = A disorder of the head caused exclusively by prolonged use of screens 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 disorder disorder NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 caused cause VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 exclusively exclusively ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 by by ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 prolonged prolong VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 amod _ _ 10 use use NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 screens screen NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cause** | past | a disorder of the head | | | | | by prolonged use of screens; exclusively *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | | 2 | **prolong** | participle | | | | | | | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **disorder** | | | the head | | | | | nom disorder «state transitive»: of=patient | | 4 | **use** | | | screens | | | | | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} A cerebral injury which may occur without loss of consciousness ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e2:o4:1 # text = A cerebral injury which may occur without loss of consciousness 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 cerebral cerebral NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 injury injury NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 5 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 6 occur occur VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 acl:relcl _ _ 7 without without ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 loss loss NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 consciousness consciousness NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **occur** | may | a cerebral injury | | | | | without loss of consciousness | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Nosebleeds and bumps on the head, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/e1/) - next →: [Nosebleeds and bumps on the head, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/e3/) - ↑ back to [Nosebleeds and bumps on the head](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/)