---
title: It is given that a bicycle helmet has cracked in a collision. State… — Nosebleeds and bumps on the head · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a bicycle helmet has cracked in a collision. State the appropriate course of action. Exam question 4 of lesson 5 «Nosebleeds and bumps on the head» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho
---

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# Exam question 4 · Nosebleeds and bumps on the head

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a bicycle helmet has cracked in a collision. State the appropriate course of action.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** give, crack · **To what, where:** It, bicycle helmet, collision

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 5 «Nosebleeds and bumps on the head» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a bicycle helmet has cracked in a collision.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e4:1
# text = It is given that a bicycle helmet has cracked in a collision.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	cracked	crack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	collision	collision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **crack** | present · perfect · passive |  | a bicycle helmet |  | a collision |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* State the appropriate course of action.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e4:2
# text = State the appropriate course of action.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The helmet is to be repaired with adhesive and reused thereafter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e4:o1:1
# text = The helmet is to be repaired with adhesive and reused thereafter
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	repaired	repair	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	adhesive	adhesive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	reused	reuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
11	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | present · passive |  | the helmet |  |  |  | with adhesive | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with adhesive=Instrument |
| 2 | **reuse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | thereafter *property* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The helmet is to be replaced, having absorbed the force

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e4:o2:1
# text = The helmet is to be replaced, having absorbed the force
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux	_	_
9	absorbed	absorb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | present · passive |  | the helmet |  |  |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **absorb** | gerund · perfect |  | the force |  |  |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal force=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The helmet is to be retained, being undamaged within

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e4:o3:1
# text = The helmet is to be retained, being undamaged within
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	retained	retain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	undamaged	undamag	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
10	within	within	ADP	IN	_	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | present · passive |  | the helmet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **undamag** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The helmet is to be worn reversed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head:e4:o4:1
# text = The helmet is to be worn reversed
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present · passive |  | the helmet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reverse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Nosebleeds and bumps on the head, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/5-nosebleeds-and-bumps-on-the-head/e3/)
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