---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Losing well and winning well · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the attribution of a defeat solely to the referee or to equipment? Exam question 2 of lesson 67 «Losing well and winning well» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Losing well and winning well

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the attribution of a defeat solely to the referee or to equipment?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, attribute · **To what, where:** attribution, defeat

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 67 «Losing well and winning well» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/67-losing-well-and-winning-well/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:67-losing-well-and-winning-well:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the attribution of a defeat solely to the referee or to equipment?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	attribution	attribution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	equipment	equipment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the attribution of a defeat |  |  |  | of the following statements; to the referee or equipment; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **attribute** |  |  | a defeat |  |  |  |  | nom attribution «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is invariably an accurate assessment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:67-losing-well-and-winning-well:e2:o1:1
# text = It is invariably an accurate assessment
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	assessment	assessment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a accurate assessment |  |  |  | invariably *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a reliable indicator of cheating

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:67-losing-well-and-winning-well:e2:o2:1
# text = It is a reliable indicator of cheating
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	reliable	reliable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	indicator	indicator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cheating	cheating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a reliable indicator |  |  |  | of cheating | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It frequently reflects a self-serving bias

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:67-losing-well-and-winning-well:e2:o3:1
# text = It frequently reflects a self-serving bias
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	serving	serve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	bias	bias	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | It | a serving bias |  |  |  | frequently *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **serve** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a requirement of the rules of the game

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:67-losing-well-and-winning-well:e2:o4:1
# text = It is a requirement of the rules of the game
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	requirement	requirement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a requirement |  |  |  | of the rules of the game | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** |  | the game |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Losing well and winning well, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/67-losing-well-and-winning-well/e1/)
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