---
title: Identify the reason for which antibiotics are ineffective in the tre… — Colds and flu · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the reason for which antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of the common cold. Exam question 1 of lesson 7 «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Colds and flu

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the reason for which antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of the common cold.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, antibiotics · **What happens:** identify, be, treat · **To what, where:** reason, treatment, common cold

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 7 «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e1:1
# text = Identify the reason for which antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of the common cold.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | antibiotics |  |  | the treatment of the common cold |  | for the reason; ineffective *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **treat** |  |  | the common cold |  |  |  |  | nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The common cold is caused by viruses rather than bacteria

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e1:o1:1
# text = The common cold is caused by viruses rather than bacteria
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	10	cc	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | viruses rather bacteria | the common cold |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The common cold is too mild to warrant any medicine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e1:o2:1
# text = The common cold is too mild to warrant any medicine
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	warrant	warrant	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the common cold |  |  |  |  | mild *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **warrant** | to-infinitive | the common cold *not said here* | any medicine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The common cold is caused by exposure to cold air rather than organisms

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e1:o3:1
# text = The common cold is caused by exposure to cold air rather than organisms
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	exposure	exposure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:agent	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	13	cc	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	organisms	organism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | exposure | the common cold |  |  |  | to cold air | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibiotics are ineffective during the winter months

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e1:o4:1
# text = Antibiotics are ineffective during the winter months
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Antibiotics |  |  |  | month | ineffective *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Colds and flu, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/t12/)
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