---
title: It is asserted that daily ingestion of vitamin C prevents colds. Sta… — Colds and flu · tree and pragmatics
description: It is asserted that daily ingestion of vitamin C prevents colds. State the conclusion supported by research. Exam question 4 of lesson 7 «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wron
---

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# Exam question 4 · Colds and flu

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is asserted that daily ingestion of vitamin C prevents colds. State the conclusion supported by research.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** daily ingestion, you · **What happens:** assert, prevent, ingest, state, support · **To what, where:** It, colds, vitamin C, conclusion

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 7 «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is asserted that daily ingestion of vitamin C prevents colds.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e4:1
# text = It is asserted that daily ingestion of vitamin C prevents colds.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	asserted	assert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
5	daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ingestion	ingestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	prevents	prevent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assert** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **prevent** | present | daily ingestion of vitamin C | colds |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer cold=Theme |
| 3 | **ingest** |  |  | vitamin C |  |  |  |  | nom ingestion «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* State the conclusion supported by research.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e4:2
# text = State the conclusion supported by research.
1	State	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	supported	support	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	research	research	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the conclusion |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent conclusion=Topic |
| 2 | **support** | participle |  | the conclusion *not said here* |  |  |  | by research | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Daily vitamin C removes any need for rest during illness

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e4:o1:1
# text = Daily vitamin C removes any need for rest during illness
1	Daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	removes	remove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | present | Daily vitamin C | any need |  |  | during illness | for rest | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent need=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Daily vitamin C prevents all colds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e4:o2:1
# text = Daily vitamin C prevents all colds
1	Daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	prevents	prevent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | present | Daily vitamin C | all colds |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer cold=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Daily vitamin C causes colds in children

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e4:o3:1
# text = Daily vitamin C causes colds in children
1	Daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | Daily vitamin C | colds |  |  |  | in children | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition cold=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Daily vitamin C does not prevent colds in most people

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:7-colds-and-flu:e4:o4:1
# text = Daily vitamin C does not prevent colds in most people
1	Daily	daily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	amod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **prevent** | present · do-support | Daily vitamin C | colds |  |  |  | in most people | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer cold=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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