---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Bike helmets and roads · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard posed to a cyclist positioned alongside a lorry turning left? Exam question 4 of lesson 72 «Bike helmets and roads» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Bike helmets and roads

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard posed to a cyclist positioned alongside a lorry turning left?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** lorry · **What happens:** follow, characteris, pose, position, turn, leave · **To what, where:** hazard, cyclist, lorry

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 72 «Bike helmets and roads» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:72-bike-helmets-and-roads:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard posed to a cyclist positioned alongside a lorry turning left?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hazard	hazard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	posed	pose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	positioned	position	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	alongside	alongside	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the hazard |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **pose** | participle |  | the hazard *not said here* | a cyclist |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to cyclist=Recipient |
| 4 | **position** | participle |  | a cyclist *not said here* |  | a lorry |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent alongside lorry=Destination |
| 5 | **turn** | gerund | a lorry *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **leave** | participle | a lorry *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lorry is unable to turn left

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:72-bike-helmets-and-roads:e4:o1:1
# text = The lorry is unable to turn left
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	left	left	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the lorry |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | to-infinitive | the lorry *not said here* |  |  |  |  | left *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cyclist may be within the driver's blind spot and be struck

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:72-bike-helmets-and-roads:e4:o2:1
# text = The cyclist may be within the driver's blind spot and be struck
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
5	within	within	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | may | the cyclist |  |  |  |  | within the driver's blind spot | tree rules |
| 2 | **strike** | infinitive · passive | the cyclist *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V» |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cyclist is protected by the lorry's mirrors

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:72-bike-helmets-and-roads:e4:o3:1
# text = The cyclist is protected by the lorry's mirrors
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	mirrors	mirror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present · passive |  | the cyclist |  |  |  | by the lorry's mirrors | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cyclist is invariably visible to the driver

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:72-bike-helmets-and-roads:e4:o4:1
# text = The cyclist is invariably visible to the driver
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the cyclist |  |  |  |  | to the driver; invariably, visible *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Bike helmets and roads, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/e3/)
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- ↑ back to [Bike helmets and roads](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/)