---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Taking without paying: the consequences · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the act designated "shoplifting"? Exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Taking without paying: the consequences» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 1 · Taking without paying: the consequences

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the act designated "shoplifting"?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** act · **What happens:** follow, characteris, designate · **To what, where:** act, shoplifting

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Taking without paying: the consequences» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the act designated "shoplifting"?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	shoplifting	shoplifting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the act |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **designate** | participle | the act *not said here* | shoplifting |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoplifting=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The carrying of heavy merchandise within a shop by its staff

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences:e1:o1:1
# text = The carrying of heavy merchandise within a shop by its staff
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	merchandise	merchandise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	within	within	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of heavy merchandise; within a shop; by shop's staff | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent of merchandise=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The return of goods to a shop for a refund

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences:e1:o2:1
# text = The return of goods to a shop for a refund
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	refund	refund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** |  | goods |  |  |  |  | to a shop; for a refund | nom return «communication intransitive»: of=agent to=obl for=obl |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The purchase of goods at a reduced price during a sale

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences:e1:o3:1
# text = The purchase of goods at a reduced price during a sale
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	purchase	purchase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	nmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
9	during	during	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer |
| 2 | **purchase** |  |  | goods |  | a reduced price | during a sale |  | nom purchase «act transitive»: of=patient at=place during=obl |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The removal of goods from a shop without payment, constituting theft

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences:e1:o4:1
# text = The removal of goods from a shop without payment, constituting theft
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	removal	removal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	constituting	constitute	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
12	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | gerund |  | theft |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme theft=Pivot |
| 2 | **remove** |  |  | goods from a shop |  |  |  | without payment | nom removal «act transitive»: of=patient without=obl |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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