---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Debt, loans, credit cards and interest · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of settling the balance of a credit card in full each month? Exam question 3 of lesson 24 «Debt, loans, credit cards and interest» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the q
---

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# Exam question 3 · Debt, loans, credit cards and interest

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of settling the balance of a credit card in full each month?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** effect, credit card · **What happens:** follow, characteris, settle, balance · **To what, where:** effect, balance

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 24 «Debt, loans, credit cards and interest» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of settling the balance of a credit card in full each month?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	settling	settle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	credit	credit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the effect |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **settle** | gerund | the effect *not said here* | the balance of a credit card |  |  | month |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme balance=Location |
| 4 | **balance** |  | a credit card |  |  |  |  |  | nom balance «state intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No interest is incurred upon the sums expended

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest:e3:o1:1
# text = No interest is incurred upon the sums expended
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	incurred	incur	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	expended	expend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **incur** | present · passive |  | no interest |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **expend** | past | the sums |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A penalty is levied for early repayment of the balance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest:e3:o2:1
# text = A penalty is levied for early repayment of the balance
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	penalty	penalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	levied	levy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	repayment	repayment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **levy** | present · passive |  | a penalty |  |  |  | for early repayment of the balance | tree rules |
| 2 | **repay** |  |  | the balance |  |  |  |  | nom repayment «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Interest is doubled in respect of the sums expended

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest:e3:o3:1
# text = Interest is doubled in respect of the sums expended
1	Interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	doubled	double	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
9	expended	expend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **double** | present · passive |  | Interest |  | respect |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **expend** | past | respect *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the sums | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The card is thereupon cancelled by the issuing bank

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:24-debt-loans-credit-cards-and-interest:e3:o4:1
# text = The card is thereupon cancelled by the issuing bank
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	thereupon	thereupon	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	cancelled	cancel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	issuing	issuing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cancel** | present · passive | the issuing bank | the card |  |  |  | thereupon *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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