---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Saving for holidays and big things · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "depreciation"? Exam question 3 of lesson 25 «Saving for holidays and big things» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong
---

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# Exam question 3 · Saving for holidays and big things

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "depreciation"?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** term

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 25 «Saving for holidays and big things» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "depreciation"?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	depreciation	depreciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the term |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A levy imposed upon the owners of motor vehicles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e3:o1:1
# text = A levy imposed upon the owners of motor vehicles
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	levy	levy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	imposed	impose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	owners	owner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **impose** | participle |  | a levy *not said here* |  |  |  | upon the owners of motor vehicles | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The interest payable upon a loan for a motor vehicle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e3:o2:1
# text = The interest payable upon a loan for a motor vehicle
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	payable	payable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	loan	loan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The augmentation of the value of an asset with the passage of time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e3:o3:1
# text = The augmentation of the value of an asset with the passage of time
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	augmentation	augmentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	asset	asset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **augment** |  |  | the value of a asset with the passage of time |  |  |  |  | nom augmentation «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **value** |  |  | a asset with the passage of time |  |  |  |  | nom value «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **pass** |  | time |  |  |  |  |  | nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The diminution in the value of an asset with the passage of time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e3:o4:1
# text = The diminution in the value of an asset with the passage of time
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diminution	diminution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	asset	asset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **value** |  |  | a asset with the passage of time |  |  |  |  | nom value «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **pass** |  | time |  |  |  |  |  | nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Saving for holidays and big things, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things/e2/)
- next →: [Saving for holidays and big things, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Saving for holidays and big things](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things/)