---
title: Identify the principal advantage of accumulating savings prior to a… — Saving for holidays and big things · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal advantage of accumulating savings prior to a major purchase, as opposed to borrowing upon a credit card. Exam question 4 of lesson 25 «Saving for holidays and big things» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things/e4/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/) / [Saving for holidays and big things](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things/) / e4

# Exam question 4 · Saving for holidays and big things

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal advantage of accumulating savings prior to a major purchase, as opposed to borrowing upon a credit card.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, accumulate, oppose, borrow · **To what, where:** principal advantage

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 25 «Saving for holidays and big things» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e4:1
# text = Identify the principal advantage of accumulating savings prior to a major purchase, as opposed to borrowing upon a credit card.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	advantage	advantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	accumulating	accumulate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	savings	savings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	nmod	_	_
8	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	purchase	purchase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	opposed	oppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	_
16	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
18	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	credit	credit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal advantage of accumulating savings |  |  |  | prior a major purchase | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme |
| 2 | **accumulate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **oppose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **borrow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | upon a credit card | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The guaranteed reduction of the price by one half

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e4:o1:1
# text = The guaranteed reduction of the price by one half
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guarantee** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **reduce** |  | one half | the price |  |  |  |  | nom reduction «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The receipt of a discount from the issuer of the credit card

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e4:o2:1
# text = The receipt of a discount from the issuer of the credit card
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	receipt	receipt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	discount	discount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	issuer	issuer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	credit	credit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receipt** |  |  | a discount from the issuer of the credit card |  |  |  |  | nom receipt «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The avoidance of interest and of continuing repayments after the purchase

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e4:o3:1
# text = The avoidance of interest and of continuing repayments after the purchase
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	continuing	continue	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	repayments	repayment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	purchase	purchase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **continue** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **avoid** |  |  | interest |  |  |  |  | nom avoidance «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exemption of the purchase from value added tax

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things:e4:o4:1
# text = The exemption of the purchase from value added tax
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	exemption	exemption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	purchase	purchase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **exempt** |  |  | the purchase from value |  |  |  |  | nom exemption «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Saving for holidays and big things, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things/e3/)
- next →: [A bank account and a debit card, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/26-a-bank-account-and-a-debit-card/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Saving for holidays and big things](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/25-saving-for-holidays-and-big-things/)