---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The lemonade stand: cost, price, profi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between takings and profit? Exam question 3 of lesson 31 «The lemonade stand: cost, price, profit and loss» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of eac
---

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# Exam question 3 · The lemonade stand: cost, price, profit and loss

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between takings and profit?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** distinction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 31 «The lemonade stand: cost, price, profit and loss» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/31-the-lemonade-stand-cost-price-profit-and-loss/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:31-the-lemonade-stand-cost-price-profit-and-loss:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between takings and profit?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	takings	taking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	profit	profit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the distinction |  |  |  | of the following statements; between takings and profit; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Takings are the sum remaining after profit has been deducted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:31-the-lemonade-stand-cost-price-profit-and-loss:e3:o1:1
# text = Takings are the sum remaining after profit has been deducted
1	Takings	taking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	_
5	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	profit	profit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	deducted	deduct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Takings | the sum |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **remain** | gerund | the sum *not said here* |  |  |  | after profit |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **deduct** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S» |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Profit is the sum remaining after costs have been deducted from takings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:31-the-lemonade-stand-cost-price-profit-and-loss:e3:o2:1
# text = Profit is the sum remaining after costs have been deducted from takings
1	Profit	profit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	costs	cost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	deducted	deduct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	takings	taking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Profit | the sum |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **remain** | gerund | the sum *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **deduct** | present · perfect · passive |  | costs |  | takings |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from taking=Source |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Takings and profit are identical in every respect

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:31-the-lemonade-stand-cost-price-profit-and-loss:e3:o3:1
# text = Takings and profit are identical in every respect
1	Takings	taking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	profit	profit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Takings and profit |  |  | every respect |  | identical *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Profit is the sum of takings and costs together

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:31-the-lemonade-stand-cost-price-profit-and-loss:e3:o4:1
# text = Profit is the sum of takings and costs together
1	Profit	profit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	takings	taking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	costs	cost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Profit | the sum |  |  |  | of takings and costs | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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