---
title: On the news, one person says "energy prices", another says "too much… — Inflation explained with a chocolate bar · tree and pragmatics
description: On the news, one person says "energy prices", another says "too much money printed", another says "big companies putting up prices". Which is the fair summary? Test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 34 «Inflation explained with a chocolate bar» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree 
---

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# Test 3 · ★★★ · Inflation explained with a chocolate bar

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the news, one person says "energy prices", another says "too much money printed", another says "big companies putting up prices". Which is the fair summary?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** one person, another, big companies · **What happens:** say, print, put up, be · **To what, where:** energy prices, news, much money, big companies, prices, fair summary · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 34 «Inflation explained with a chocolate bar» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* On the news, one person says "energy prices", another says "too much money printed", another says "big companies putting up prices".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar:t3:1
# text = On the news, one person says "energy prices", another says "too much money printed", another says "big companies putting up prices".
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	14	nsubj	_	_
14	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	too	too	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
19	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	23	nsubj	_	_
23	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
24	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
27	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
28	up	up	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | one person | energy prices |  | the news |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent price=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | another | much money |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent money=Topic |
| 3 | **print** *in a quote* | participle |  | much money *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | another | big companies |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent company=Topic |
| 5 | **put up** *in a quote* | gerund | big companies *not said here* | prices |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent price=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which is the fair summary?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar:t3:2
# text = Which is the fair summary?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	summary	summary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the fair summary |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None of them is talking about inflation at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar:t3:o1:1
# text = None of them is talking about inflation at all
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	inflation	inflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present · progressive | None |  |  | all |  | about inflation | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about inflation=Topic |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Experts disagree, and each view has supporters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar:t3:o2:1
# text = Experts disagree, and each view has supporters
1	Experts	expert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	disagree	disagree	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	supporters	supporter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disagree** | present | Experts |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | each view | supporters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent supporter=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first person is right and the others are lying

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar:t3:o3:1
# text = The first person is right and the others are lying
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the first person |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | present · progressive | the others |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last person is right and nobody disagrees

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:34-inflation-explained-with-a-chocolate-bar:t3:o4:1
# text = The last person is right and nobody disagrees
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
8	disagrees	disagree	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the last person |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **disagree** | present | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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