---
title: Leo hears his dad, a Scot, say, "Jobs are easy tae find the noo." ("… — Unemployment: when jobs are lost · tree and pragmatics
description: Leo hears his dad, a Scot, say, "Jobs are easy tae find the noo." ("The noo" means right now.) Last year it was harder. What has likely happened? Test 12 · ★ of lesson 35 «Unemployment: when jobs are lost» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the q
---

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# Test 12 · ★ · Unemployment: when jobs are lost

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leo hears his dad, a Scot, say, "Jobs are easy tae find the noo." ("The noo" means right now.) Last year it was harder. What has likely happened?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Leo, Jobs, noo · **What happens:** hear, say, be, find, mean, happen · **To what, where:** dad, noo · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 35 «Unemployment: when jobs are lost» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/35-unemployment-when-jobs-are-lost/#t12).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Leo hears his dad, a Scot, say, "Jobs are easy tae find the noo."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:35-unemployment-when-jobs-are-lost:t12:1
# text = Leo hears his dad, a Scot, say, "Jobs are easy tae find the noo."
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hears	hear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Scot	Scot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	ccomp	_	_
15	tae	tae	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	16	mark	_	_
16	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	csubj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	noo	noo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present | Leo | Leo's dad |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer dad=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Jobs |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **find** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the noo |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent noo=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("The noo" means right now.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:35-unemployment-when-jobs-are-lost:t12:2
# text = ("The noo" means right now.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	noo	noo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	right	right	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the noo |  |  |  | now |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Last year it was harder.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:35-unemployment-when-jobs-are-lost:t12:3
# text = Last year it was harder.
1	Last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | noo |  |  |  | year | hard *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* What has likely happened?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:35-unemployment-when-jobs-are-lost:t12:4
# text = What has likely happened?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	likely	likely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | likely *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everybody in Scotland has retired

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:35-unemployment-when-jobs-are-lost:t12:o1:1
# text = Everybody in Scotland has retired
1	Everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | present · perfect · passive |  | Everybody |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The economy has picked up, and unemployment has fallen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:35-unemployment-when-jobs-are-lost:t12:o2:1
# text = The economy has picked up, and unemployment has fallen
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	economy	economy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	picked	pick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	unemployment	unemployment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick up** | present · perfect · passive |  | the economy |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **fall** | present · perfect | unemployment |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A recession has started and jobs are vanishing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:35-unemployment-when-jobs-are-lost:t12:o3:1
# text = A recession has started and jobs are vanishing
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recession	recession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	started	start	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	vanishing	vanish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present · perfect | a recession |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **vanish** | present · progressive | jobs |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The government has banned job interviews

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:35-unemployment-when-jobs-are-lost:t12:o4:1
# text = The government has banned job interviews
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	banned	ban	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	interviews	interview	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ban** | present · perfect · passive |  | the government |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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