---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Lending, sharing, charity and tipping · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the custom of tipping? Exam question 3 of lesson 39 «Lending, sharing, charity and tipping» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wron
---

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# Exam question 3 · Lending, sharing, charity and tipping

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the custom of tipping?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** custom

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 39 «Lending, sharing, charity and tipping» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the custom of tipping?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	tipping	tipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the custom of tipping |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is prohibited by law in the United States

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:e3:o1:1
# text = It is prohibited by law in the United States
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | present · passive | law | It |  | the United States |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It varies between countries, being customary at a higher rate in the United States

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:e3:o2:1
# text = It varies between countries, being customary at a higher rate in the United States
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	varies	vary	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	between	between	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	customary	customary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vary** | present | It |  |  | a higher rate |  | between countries; in the United States | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Patient at rate=Extent in state=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | gerund |  | customary |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a tax payable to the government

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:e3:o3:1
# text = It constitutes a tax payable to the government
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	payable	payable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a tax payable |  |  |  | to the government | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme payable=Pivot |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is uniform at ten per cent in every country of the world

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:e3:o4:1
# text = It is uniform at ten per cent in every country of the world
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	uniform	uniform	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	per	per	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cent	cent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | ten per cent in every country of the world |  | uniform *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Lending, sharing, charity and tipping, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/e2/)
- next →: [Lending, sharing, charity and tipping, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/e4/)
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