---
title: Kai sighs, "Last time, bruv, I'm skint too." ("Bruv" means mate; "sk… — Lending, sharing, charity and tipping · tree and pragmatics
description: Kai sighs, "Last time, bruv, I'm skint too." ("Bruv" means mate; "skint" means broke.) What is he doing? Test 7 of lesson 39 «Lending, sharing, charity and tipping» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/t7/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/) / [Lending, sharing, charity and tipping](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/) / t7

# Test 7 · Lending, sharing, charity and tipping

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kai sighs, "Last time, bruv, I'm skint too." ("Bruv" means mate; "skint" means broke.) What is he doing?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Kai, I, Bruv, skint · **What happens:** sigh, be, mean, break, do · **To what, where:** mate · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 39 «Lending, sharing, charity and tipping» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Kai sighs, "Last time, bruv, I'm skint too."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:t7:1
# text = Kai sighs, "Last time, bruv, I'm skint too."
1	Kai	Kai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sighs	sigh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	bruv	bruv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	skint	skint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
13	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sigh** | present | Kai |  |  |  | time |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  | skint *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Bruv" means mate; "skint" means broke.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:t7:2
# text = ("Bruv" means mate; "skint" means broke.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Bruv	Bruv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	skint	skint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bruv | mate |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mate=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | skint |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **break** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What is he doing?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:t7:3
# text = What is he doing?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · progressive | bruv |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Asking his friend for a loan of his own to make it even

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:t7:o1:1
# text = Asking his friend for a loan of his own to make it even
1	Asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	loan	loan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	even	even	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund |  |  | his friend |  |  | for a loan of friend's own | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | loan |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Giving all his money to charity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:t7:o2:1
# text = Giving all his money to charity
1	Giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | gerund |  | his money | charity |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to charity=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Starting a business with his friend

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:t7:o3:1
# text = Starting a business with his friend
1	Starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | gerund |  | a business |  |  |  | with his friend | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.subeventuality»: agent=Agent business=Eventuality with friend=Subeventuality |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Setting a boundary: saying no to more lending

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping:t7:o4:1
# text = Setting a boundary: saying no to more lending
1	Setting	set	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	boundary	boundary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	lending	lending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | gerund |  | a boundary |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient boundary=Result |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | no | more lending |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent no=Topic to lending=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Lending, sharing, charity and tipping, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/t6/)
- next →: [Lending, sharing, charity and tipping, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/t8/)
- ↑ back to [Lending, sharing, charity and tipping](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/)