---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Swaps and barter in the playground · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated "barter"? Exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Swaps and barter in the playground» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice w
---

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# Exam question 1 · Swaps and barter in the playground

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated "barter"?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** practice · **What happens:** follow, characteris, designate · **To what, where:** practice, barter

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Swaps and barter in the playground» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated "barter"?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	barter	barter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the practice |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **designate** | participle | the practice *not said here* | barter |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barter=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The accumulation of coins within a receptacle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e1:o1:1
# text = The accumulation of coins within a receptacle
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	within	within	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	receptacle	receptacle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accumulate** |  |  | coins |  |  |  | within a receptacle | nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient within=obl |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The purchase of goods by means of a bank card

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e1:o2:1
# text = The purchase of goods by means of a bank card
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	purchase	purchase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the purchase of goods |  |  |  |  | of a bank card | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **purchase** |  |  | goods |  |  |  |  | nom purchase «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lending of money subject to repayment with interest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e1:o3:1
# text = The lending of money subject to repayment with interest
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lending	lending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	repayment	repayment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The exchange of goods or services without recourse to money

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e1:o4:1
# text = The exchange of goods or services without recourse to money
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	exchange	exchange	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	recourse	recourse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exchange** |  |  | goods or services |  |  |  | without recourse; to money | nom exchange «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient without=obl to=obl |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Swaps and barter in the playground, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/t11/)
- next →: [Swaps and barter in the playground, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/e2/)
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