--- title: Identify the principal deficiency of barter as a means of trade. — Swaps and barter in the playground · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal deficiency of barter as a means of trade. Exam question 2 of lesson 4 «Swaps and barter in the playground» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Money](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/) / [Swaps and barter in the playground](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Swaps and barter in the playground Identify the principal deficiency of barter as a means of trade. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, a · **What happens:** identify, mean · **To what, where:** principal deficiency This is exam question 2 of lesson 4 «Swaps and barter in the playground» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e2:1 # text = Identify the principal deficiency of barter as a means of trade. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 deficiency deficiency NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 barter barter NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 7 as as SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 nsubj _ _ 9 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 advcl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal deficiency of barter | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent deficiency=Theme | | 2 | **mean** | present | a | | | | | of trade | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} Goods exchanged by barter invariably lose their value ```conllu # sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e2:o1:1 # text = Goods exchanged by barter invariably lose their value 1 Goods goods NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 6 nsubj _ _ 2 exchanged exchange VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 acl _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 barter barter NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 5 invariably invariably ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 value value NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **exchange** | participle | | Goods *not said here* | | | | by barter | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **lose** | present | Goods | Goods's value | | | | invariably *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Eventuality | | 3 | **value** | | Goods | | | | | | nom value «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} Barter is forbidden by law in all jurisdictions ```conllu # sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e2:o2:1 # text = Barter is forbidden by law in all jurisdictions 1 Barter Barter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 forbidden forbid VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 8 det _ _ 8 jurisdictions jurisdiction NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **forbid** | present · passive | law | Barter | | all jurisdictions | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} Each party must possess precisely what the other desires ```conllu # sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e2:o3:1 # text = Each party must possess precisely what the other desires 1 Each each DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 party party NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 possess possess VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 precisely precisely ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 4 obj _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 desires desire NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **possess** | must | each party | | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} Barter requires the involvement of a bank ```conllu # sent_id = question:money:4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground:e2:o4:1 # text = Barter requires the involvement of a bank 1 Barter Barter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 requires require VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 involvement involvement NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 bank bank NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **require** | present | Barter | the involvement of a bank | | | | | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme involvement=Precondition | | 2 | **involve** | | | a bank | | | | | nom involvement «act transitive»: of=patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Swaps and barter in the playground, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/e1/) - next →: [Swaps and barter in the playground, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/e3/) - ↑ back to [Swaps and barter in the playground](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/)