---
title: Ruby flips coins with her mate. After 5 heads in a row, her mate say… — Gambling and honesty with change · tree and pragmatics
description: Ruby flips coins with her mate. After 5 heads in a row, her mate says, "Tails is due now, defo." ("Defo" means definitely.) Is he right? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 40 «Gambling and honesty with change» of the money course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Gambling and honesty with change

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruby flips coins with her mate. After 5 heads in a row, her mate says, "Tails is due now, defo." ("Defo" means definitely.) Is he right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Ruby, mate, Tails, Defo · **What happens:** flip, say, be, mean · **To what, where:** coins · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 40 «Gambling and honesty with change» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/money/40-gambling-and-honesty-with-change/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ruby flips coins with her mate.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:40-gambling-and-honesty-with-change:t4:1
# text = Ruby flips coins with her mate.
1	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flips	flip	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flip** | present | Ruby | coins |  |  |  | with Ruby's mate | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* After 5 heads in a row, her mate says, "Tails is due now, defo."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:40-gambling-and-honesty-with-change:t4:2
# text = After 5 heads in a row, her mate says, "Tails is due now, defo."
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	ccomp	_	_
16	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	defo	defo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Ruby's mate |  |  |  | after 5 heads in a row |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Tails |  |  |  | now | due *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* ("Defo" means definitely.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:40-gambling-and-honesty-with-change:t4:3
# text = ("Defo" means definitely.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Defo	Defo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	definitely	definitely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Defo |  |  |  |  | definitely *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* Is he right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:40-gambling-and-honesty-with-change:t4:4
# text = Is he right?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | defo |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, tails is now 5 times more likely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:40-gambling-and-honesty-with-change:t4:o1:1
# text = Yes, tails is now 5 times more likely
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
9	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | tails |  |  |  | now | likely *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, after 5 heads tails is guaranteed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:40-gambling-and-honesty-with-change:t4:o2:1
# text = Yes, after 5 heads tails is guaranteed
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	guaranteed	guarantee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guarantee** | present · passive |  | heads tails |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, each flip is fresh: still 1 in 2

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:40-gambling-and-honesty-with-change:t4:o3:1
# text = No, each flip is fresh: still 1 in 2
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	flip	flip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | each flip |  |  |  |  | 1 in 2 *obl*; fresh *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, the coin will land on its edge next

```conllu
# sent_id = question:money:40-gambling-and-honesty-with-change:t4:o4:1
# text = No, the coin will land on its edge next
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	land	land	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	next	next	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | future | the coin |  |  | coin's edge |  | next *property* | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on edge=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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