---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Animals in the sea and the river · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the classification of whales? Exam question 1 of lesson 11 «Animals in the sea and the river» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was ri
---

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# Exam question 1 · Animals in the sea and the river

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the classification of whales?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, classify · **To what, where:** classification, whales

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 11 «Animals in the sea and the river» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the classification of whales?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	classification	classification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the classification of whales |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **classify** |  |  | whales |  |  |  |  | nom classification «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are mammals, breathing air and nourishing their young with milk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:e1:o1:1
# text = They are mammals, breathing air and nourishing their young with milk
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	breathing	breathe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	nourishing	nourish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	young	young	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | mammals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **breathe** | gerund | mammals *not said here* | air |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 3 | **nourish** | gerund | mammals *not said here* | mammals's young |  |  |  | with milk | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent young=Patient with milk=Instrument |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are reptiles possessing fins

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:e1:o2:1
# text = They are reptiles possessing fins
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	possessing	possess	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | reptiles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **possess** | gerund | reptiles *not said here* | fins |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fin=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are amphibians, living both in and out of the water, as frogs do

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:e1:o3:1
# text = They are amphibians, living both in and out of the water, as frogs do
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	amphibians	amphibian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	both	both	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | amphibians |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | amphibians *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **do** | present | frogs |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are fish, by reason of their marine habitat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:e1:o4:1
# text = They are fish, by reason of their marine habitat
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	marine	marine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	habitat	habitat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | fish and reason of fish's marine habitat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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