---
title: "Whales live in the sea, so they're fish, obviously." What's the flaw? — Animals in the sea and the river · tree and pragmatics
description: "Whales live in the sea, so they're fish, obviously." What's the flaw? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 11 «Animals in the sea and the river» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Animals in the sea and the river

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Whales live in the sea, so they're fish, obviously." What's the flaw?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Whales, flaw · **What happens:** live, be · **To what, where:** sea, fish

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 11 «Animals in the sea and the river» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Whales live in the sea, so they're fish, obviously."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:t1:1
# text = "Whales live in the sea, so they're fish, obviously."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	obviously	obviously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** *in a quote* | present | Whales |  |  | the sea |  | obviously *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Whales *= whale* | fish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's the flaw?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:t1:2
# text = What's the flaw?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	flaw	flaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the flaw |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish breathe air too, so there's no difference at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:t1:o1:1
# text = Fish breathe air too, so there's no difference at all
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | Fish | air |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | present | no difference |  |  | all; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whales live on land too

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:t1:o2:1
# text = Whales live on land too
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Whales |  |  | land |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on land=Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Where an animal lives doesn't decide what it is

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:t1:o3:1
# text = Where an animal lives doesn't decide what it is
1	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	4	advmod	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
5	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	decide	decide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	ccomp	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | a animal |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **decide** | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | animal |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, sea animals are all fish

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river:t1:o4:1
# text = Nothing, sea animals are all fish
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | sea animals | fish |  |  |  | all *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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