---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Earth from space · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the cause of the seasons upon the Earth? Exam question 1 of lesson 13 «Earth from space» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Earth from space

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the cause of the seasons upon the Earth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, cause · **To what, where:** cause, seasons

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 13 «Earth from space» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/13-earth-from-space/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:13-earth-from-space:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the cause of the seasons upon the Earth?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	seasons	season	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the cause of the seasons upon the Earth |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cause** |  |  | the seasons upon the Earth |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The interposition of the Moon between the Earth and the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:13-earth-from-space:e1:o1:1
# text = The interposition of the Moon between the Earth and the Sun
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	interposition	interposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **interpose** |  |  | the Moon |  |  |  | between the Earth and the Sun | nom interposition «act transitive»: of=patient between=obl |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The inclination of the Earth's axis relative to its orbit

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:13-earth-from-space:e1:o2:1
# text = The inclination of the Earth's axis relative to its orbit
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	inclination	inclination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	orbit	orbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **incline** |  | the Earth's axis |  |  |  |  |  | nom inclination «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The variation in the Sun's emission of heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:13-earth-from-space:e1:o3:1
# text = The variation in the Sun's emission of heat
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	variation	variation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	emission	emission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emit** |  | the Sun | heat |  |  |  |  | nom emission «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The variation in the Earth's distance from the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:13-earth-from-space:e1:o4:1
# text = The variation in the Earth's distance from the Sun
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	variation	variation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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