---
title: It is given that the average age at death in a medieval community wa… — Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that the average age at death in a medieval community was approximately thirty years. Identify the principal reason for this figure. Exam question 2 of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics o
---

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# Exam question 2 · Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that the average age at death in a medieval community was approximately thirty years. Identify the principal reason for this figure.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** average age, you · **What happens:** give, be, identify · **To what, where:** It, thirty years, principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/#e2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that the average age at death in a medieval community was approximately thirty years.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e2:1
# text = It is given that the average age at death in a medieval community was approximately thirty years.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	average	average	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the average age at death in a medieval community | thirty years |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Identify the principal reason for this figure.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e2:2
# text = Identify the principal reason for this figure.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  | for this figure | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adults customarily died upon attaining thirty years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e2:o1:1
# text = Adults customarily died upon attaining thirty years
1	Adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	customarily	customarily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	attaining	attain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | Adults |  |  |  |  | customarily *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **attain** | gerund | Adults *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The figure was computed exclusively from soldiers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e2:o2:1
# text = The figure was computed exclusively from soldiers
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	computed	compute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compute** | past · passive |  | the figure |  | soldiers |  | exclusively *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from soldier=Material |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No person survived beyond the age of forty

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e2:o3:1
# text = No person survived beyond the age of forty
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	survived	survive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | past | no person |  |  |  | beyond the age of forty |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beyond age=Location |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The average was depressed by the deaths of numerous infants and children

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e2:o4:1
# text = The average was depressed by the deaths of numerous infants and children
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	average	average	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	depressed	depress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	deaths	death	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	infants	infant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depress** | past · passive | the deaths of numerous infants and children | the average |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **die** |  | numerous infants and children |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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