---
title: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts co… — Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the beliefs of educated persons in the Middle Ages regarding the shape of the Earth. Exam question 3 of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree
---

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# Exam question 3 · Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the beliefs of educated persons in the Middle Ages regarding the shape of the Earth.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, response, established facts · **What happens:** select, be, establish, concern, regard, believe · **To what, where:** response, beliefs, educated persons

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e3:1
# text = Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the beliefs of educated persons in the Middle Ages regarding the shape of the Earth.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	beliefs	belief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	educated	educated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
20	Ages	Age	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
21	regarding	regard	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the response |  |  |  |  | with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the beliefs of educated persons in the Middle Ages regard the shape of the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus belief=Experiencer |
| 5 | **regard** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **believe** |  |  | educated persons in the Middle Ages regard the shape of the Earth |  |  |  |  | nom belief «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth was understood to be spherical

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e3:o1:1
# text = The Earth was understood to be spherical
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	spherical	spherical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | past · passive |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | spherical *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shape of the Earth was unknown to all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e3:o2:1
# text = The shape of the Earth was unknown to all
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the shape of the Earth |  |  |  |  | to all; unknown *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth was believed to be hollow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e3:o3:1
# text = The Earth was believed to be hollow
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past · passive |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | hollow *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth was believed to be flat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:e3:o4:1
# text = The Earth was believed to be flat
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past · passive |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | flat *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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