---
title: Your textbook calls them the "Dark Ages". Why should you be careful… — Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages · tree and pragmatics
description: Your textbook calls them the "Dark Ages". Why should you be careful with that name? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your textbook calls them the "Dark Ages". Why should you be careful with that name?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** textbook, you · **What happens:** call, be · **To what, where:** them · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/#t11).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your textbook calls them the "Dark Ages".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t11:1
# text = Your textbook calls them the "Dark Ages".
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	textbook	textbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	calls	call	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Dark	Dark	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	8	compound	_	_
8	Ages	Age	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Your textbook | them *= they* |  |  | the Dark Ages |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why should you be careful with that name?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t11:2
# text = Why should you be careful with that name?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | should | you |  |  |  |  | with that name; careful *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It proves that nothing at all happened in Europe for about five hundred years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t11:o1:1
# text = It proves that nothing at all happened in Europe for about five hundred years
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	proves	prove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nmod	_	_
7	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	about	about	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	compound	_	_
13	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | present | It |  |  |  | year |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **happen** | past | nothing |  |  | Europe |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in europe=Location |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A name can carry an opinion from later writers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t11:o2:1
# text = A name can carry an opinion from later writers
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | can | a name | a opinion |  | later writers |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent opinion=Theme from writer=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was literally dark all day then, because of thick clouds of smoke

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t11:o3:1
# text = It was literally dark all day then, because of thick clouds of smoke
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	literally	literally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  | then; day | because thick clouds of smoke; dark, literally *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cloud** |  |  | smoke |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The name was chosen by the people who were living in those very years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t11:o4:1
# text = The name was chosen by the people who were living in those very years
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | past · passive | the people | the name |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | past · progressive | the people |  |  |  | year |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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