---
title: A cartoon shows a medieval sailor scared of falling off the edge of… — Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon shows a medieval sailor scared of falling off the edge of the world. What should it show instead? Test 5 · ★ of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Test 5 · ★ · Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon shows a medieval sailor scared of falling off the edge of the world. What should it show instead?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cartoon, medieval sailor · **What happens:** show, fall off · **To what, where:** medieval sailor, edge

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 18 «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon shows a medieval sailor scared of falling off the edge of the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t5:1
# text = A cartoon shows a medieval sailor scared of falling off the edge of the world.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	_
9	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a cartoon | a medieval sailor |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sailor=Recipient |
| 2 | **fall off** | gerund | a medieval sailor *not said here* | the edge of the world |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient edge=Extent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What should it show instead?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t5:2
# text = What should it show instead?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | should | cartoon |  |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The world really did have an edge back in those days

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t5:o1:1
# text = The world really did have an edge back in those days
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	really	really	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have back** | past · do-support | the world | a edge |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ships quite often sailed off the edge and were lost

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t5:o2:1
# text = Ships quite often sailed off the edge and were lost
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	sailed	sail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | participle | Ships |  |  | the edge |  | often *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent off edge=Trajectory |
| 2 | **lose** | past · passive | Ships *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V» |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every sailor was terrified of the edge of the sea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t5:o3:1
# text = Every sailor was terrified of the edge of the sea
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	terrified	terrified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | every sailor |  |  |  |  | of the edge of the sea; terrified *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Educated people knew the Earth was round

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages:t5:o4:1
# text = Educated people knew the Earth was round
1	Educated	educate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **educate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **know** | past | Educated people |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | the Earth |  |  |  |  | round *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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