---
title: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts co… — Explorers, scientists and inventors · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the prevailing understanding of the Earth's shape among educated Europeans in the fifteenth century. Exam question 1 of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Explorers, scientists and inventors

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the prevailing understanding of the Earth's shape among educated Europeans in the fifteenth century.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, response, established facts · **What happens:** select, be, establish, concern, prevail, educate · **To what, where:** response, prevailing understanding, shape

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:e1:1
# text = Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the prevailing understanding of the Earth's shape among educated Europeans in the fifteenth century.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	prevailing	prevail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
14	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
20	among	among	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	educated	educate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	fifteenth	fifteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the response |  |  |  |  | with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the prevailing understanding of the Earth's shape among educated Europeans |  |  | century |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus understanding=Experiencer |
| 5 | **prevail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **educate** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **understand** |  |  | the Earth's shape among educated Europeans |  |  |  |  | nom understanding «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth's shape was regarded as wholly unknowable

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:e1:o1:1
# text = The Earth's shape was regarded as wholly unknowable
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	regarded	regard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	unknowable	unknowable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **regard** | past · passive |  | the Earth's shape |  |  |  | unknowable *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth was understood to be cylindrical

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:e1:o2:1
# text = The Earth was understood to be cylindrical
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	cylindrical	cylindrical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | past · passive |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | cylindrical *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth was understood to be spherical

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:e1:o3:1
# text = The Earth was understood to be spherical
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	spherical	spherical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | past · passive |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | spherical *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth was understood to be a flat disc

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:e1:o4:1
# text = The Earth was understood to be a flat disc
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	disc	disc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | past · passive |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a flat disc |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Explorers, scientists and inventors, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/t10/)
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