---
title: In a cartoon, an apple bonks Newton's head and a light bulb appears.… — Explorers, scientists and inventors · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon, an apple bonks Newton's head and a light bulb appears. What's closer to the real story? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice 
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · Explorers, scientists and inventors

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon, an apple bonks Newton's head and a light bulb appears. What's closer to the real story?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** apple, light bulb · **What happens:** bonk, appear, be · **To what, where:** head, cartoon

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This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon, an apple bonks Newton's head and a light bulb appears.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t3:1
# text = In a cartoon, an apple bonks Newton's head and a light bulb appears.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	bonks	bonk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Newton	Newton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bonk** | present | a apple | Newton's head |  | a cartoon |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent head=Patient in cartoon=Location |
| 2 | **appear** | present | a light bulb |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's closer to the real story?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t3:2
# text = What's closer to the real story?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the real story; close *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He dropped apples off a tall tower to watch them break on the ground

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t3:o1:1
# text = He dropped apples off a tall tower to watch them break on the ground
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | He | apples |  | a tall tower |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent apple=Theme off tower=Destination |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | apples *= apple* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **break** | infinitive | apples *= apple* *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ground=Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He saw an apple fall and thought about gravity for years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t3:o2:1
# text = He saw an apple fall and thought about gravity for years
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **fall** | infinitive | a apple |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  | year | about gravity | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about gravity=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He got the idea from a light bulb he saw

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t3:o3:1
# text = He got the idea from a light bulb he saw
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | He | the idea |  | a light bulb |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent idea=Theme from bulb=Source |
| 2 | **see** | past | he | a light bulb *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bulb=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was hit and understood gravity in one second

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t3:o4:1
# text = He was hit and understood gravity in one second
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	hit	hit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past · passive |  | He |  |  | second |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient gravity=Result |
| 2 | **understand** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Explorers, scientists and inventors, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/t2/)
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