---
title: Rory's poster says "Columbus discovered America". What is missing? — Explorers, scientists and inventors · tree and pragmatics
description: Rory's poster says "Columbus discovered America". What is missing? Test 6 · ★ of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 6 · ★ · Explorers, scientists and inventors

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rory's poster says "Columbus discovered America". What is missing?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** poster, Columbus, Rory · **What happens:** say, discover, post, be · **To what, where:** America · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 20 «Explorers, scientists and inventors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Rory's poster says "Columbus discovered America".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t6:1
# text = Rory's poster says "Columbus discovered America".
1	Rory	Rory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Rory's poster |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **discover** *in a quote* | past | Columbus | America |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent america=Topic |
| 3 | **post** |  | Rory |  |  |  |  |  | nom poster «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is missing?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t6:2
# text = What is missing?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | missing *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, he was the first person ever to see it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t6:o1:1
# text = Nothing, he was the first person ever to see it
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Nothing | the first person |  |  | ever |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive |  | person |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That he landed in New York first

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t6:o2:1
# text = That he landed in New York first
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
6	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | past | That |  |  | New York |  | first *property* | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in york=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The date, because he really came in 1900

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t6:o3:1
# text = The date, because he really came in 1900
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	really	really	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1900	1900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the date |  |  | 1900 |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1900=Location |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Millions of people already lived there, and Norse sailors came earlier

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:20-explorers-scientists-and-inventors:t6:o4:1
# text = Millions of people already lived there, and Norse sailors came earlier
1	Millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	already	already	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	Norse	norse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Millions of people |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | Norse sailors |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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