---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Ancient times and famous stories · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the chronological relationship between humans and the large dinosaurs? Exam question 3 of lesson 21 «Ancient times and famous stories» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question
---

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# Exam question 3 · Ancient times and famous stories

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the chronological relationship between humans and the large dinosaurs?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** chronological relationship

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This is exam question 3 of lesson 21 «Ancient times and famous stories» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/21-ancient-times-and-famous-stories/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:21-ancient-times-and-famous-stories:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the chronological relationship between humans and the large dinosaurs?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	chronological	chronological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the chronological relationship and the large dinosaurs |  |  |  | of the following statements; between humans; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Humans and large dinosaurs coexisted for several thousand years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:21-ancient-times-and-famous-stories:e3:o1:1
# text = Humans and large dinosaurs coexisted for several thousand years
1	Humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	coexisted	coexist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **coexist** | participle | Humans and large dinosaurs |  |  |  | year |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The large dinosaurs became extinct approximately two thousand years ago

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:21-ancient-times-and-famous-stories:e3:o2:1
# text = The large dinosaurs became extinct approximately two thousand years ago
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	compound	_	_
8	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the large dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | ago, extinct *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Humans appeared shortly before the extinction of the large dinosaurs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:21-ancient-times-and-famous-stories:e3:o3:1
# text = Humans appeared shortly before the extinction of the large dinosaurs
1	Humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	shortly	shortly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	extinction	extinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | past | Humans |  |  | the extinction of the large dinosaurs |  | shortly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before extinction=Location |
| 2 | **extinguish** |  |  | the large dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | nom extinction «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The large dinosaurs became extinct approximately sixty-six million years before humans appeared

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:21-ancient-times-and-famous-stories:e3:o4:1
# text = The large dinosaurs became extinct approximately sixty-six million years before humans appeared
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	sixty	sixty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	_
10	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the large dinosaurs |  |  |  | year | extinct *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **appear** | past | humans |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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