---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Sleepovers and spooky stories · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the alteration of one's reflected face observed in dim light? Exam question 2 of lesson 26 «Sleepovers and spooky stories» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories/e2/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Myths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/) / [Sleepovers and spooky stories](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories/) / e2

# Exam question 2 · Sleepovers and spooky stories

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the alteration of one's reflected face observed in dim light?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** one · **What happens:** follow, characteris, reflect, be, observe · **To what, where:** alteration, reflected face, dim light

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 26 «Sleepovers and spooky stories» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the alteration of one's reflected face observed in dim light?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	alteration	alteration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
16	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the alteration |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **reflect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | one |  |  |  |  | of reflected face | tree rules |
| 5 | **observe** | participle |  | reflected face *not said here* |  | dim light |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is caused by a spirit within the mirror

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories:e2:o1:1
# text = It is caused by a spirit within the mirror
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	within	within	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | a spirit | It |  |  |  | within the mirror | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It occurs solely upon the recitation of a name

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories:e2:o2:1
# text = It occurs solely upon the recitation of a name
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	recitation	recitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | present | It |  |  | the recitation of a name |  | solely *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon recitation=Location |
| 2 | **recite** |  |  | a name |  |  |  |  | nom recitation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It results from the bending of light by mirrors of great age

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories:e2:o3:1
# text = It results from the bending of light by mirrors of great age
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bending	bending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mirrors	mirror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** |  | mirrors of great age |  |  | the bending of light |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: from=place by=agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It arises from the processing of the image within the brain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories:e2:o4:1
# text = It arises from the processing of the image within the brain
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	arises	arise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	processing	processing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	within	within	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | present | It |  |  | the processing of the image |  | within the brain | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **process** |  |  | the image |  |  |  |  | nom processing «process transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Sleepovers and spooky stories, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories/e1/)
- next →: [Sleepovers and spooky stories, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Sleepovers and spooky stories](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/26-sleepovers-and-spooky-stories/)