---
title: Identify the principal reason for which canine animals ought not to… — How would we know? Asking experts and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which canine animals ought not to be given grapes or raisins. Exam question 2 of lesson 30 «How would we know? Asking experts and spotting tricks» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Exam question 2 · How would we know? Asking experts and spotting tricks

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which canine animals ought not to be given grapes or raisins.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, not give · **To what, where:** principal reason, canine animals

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 30 «How would we know? Asking experts and spotting tricks» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/30-how-would-we-know-asking-experts-and-spotting-tricks/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:30-how-would-we-know-asking-experts-and-spotting-tricks:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which canine animals ought not to be given grapes or raisins.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
7	canine	canine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
14	grapes	grape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **give** | ought · passive | you *not said here* | canine animals |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: subject=Recipient grape=Theme for which=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They impair the canine sense of smell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:30-how-would-we-know-asking-experts-and-spotting-tricks:e2:o1:1
# text = They impair the canine sense of smell
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	impair	impair	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	canine	canine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **impair** | present | They | the canine sense of smell |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus sense=Experiencer |
| 2 | **sense** |  |  | smell |  |  |  |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They cause the fur to change colour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:30-how-would-we-know-asking-experts-and-spotting-tricks:e2:o2:1
# text = They cause the fur to change colour
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | They | the fur |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fur=Patient |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | colour |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They may cause failure of the kidneys in some dogs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:30-how-would-we-know-asking-experts-and-spotting-tricks:e2:o3:1
# text = They may cause failure of the kidneys in some dogs
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	failure	failure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kidneys	kidney	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | may | They | failure of the kidneys |  |  |  | in some dogs | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition failure=Patient |
| 2 | **fail** |  | the kidneys |  |  |  |  |  | nom failure «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are invariably harmless to dogs of every breed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:30-how-would-we-know-asking-experts-and-spotting-tricks:e2:o4:1
# text = They are invariably harmless to dogs of every breed
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	breed	breed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | to dogs of every breed; harmless, invariably *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [How would we know? Asking experts and…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/30-how-would-we-know-asking-experts-and-spotting-tricks/e1/)
- next →: [How would we know? Asking experts and…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/30-how-would-we-know-asking-experts-and-spotting-tricks/e3/)
- ↑ back to [How would we know? Asking experts and spotting tricks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/30-how-would-we-know-asking-experts-and-spotting-tricks/)