---
title: Identify the single observation sufficient to refute the assertion t… — Olympiad: how could you check it? ★★★ · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the single observation sufficient to refute the assertion that eggs may be balanced only upon the equinox. Exam question 1 of lesson 37 «Olympiad: how could you check it? ★★★» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each o
---

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# Exam question 1 · Olympiad: how could you check it? ★★★

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the single observation sufficient to refute the assertion that eggs may be balanced only upon the equinox.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, refute, balance · **To what, where:** single observation, assertion, equinox

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 37 «Olympiad: how could you check it? ★★★» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/37-olympiad-how-could-you-check-it/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:37-olympiad-how-could-you-check-it:e1:1
# text = Identify the single observation sufficient to refute the assertion that eggs may be balanced only upon the equinox.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	observation	observation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	refute	refute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	balanced	balance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	only	only	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	equinox	equinox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the single observation |  |  |  | sufficient *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent observation=Theme |
| 2 | **refute** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the assertion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **balance** | may · passive |  | the assertion |  | the equinox |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: subject=Theme upon equinox=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An egg balanced upon an ordinary day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:37-olympiad-how-could-you-check-it:e1:o1:1
# text = An egg balanced upon an ordinary day
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	balanced	balance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **balance** | participle | a egg |  |  |  | day |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An egg balanced upon the equinox

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:37-olympiad-how-could-you-check-it:e1:o2:1
# text = An egg balanced upon the equinox
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	balanced	balance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	equinox	equinox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **balance** | participle | a egg |  |  | the equinox |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon equinox=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Numerous eggs falling upon the equinox

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:37-olympiad-how-could-you-check-it:e1:o3:1
# text = Numerous eggs falling upon the equinox
1	Numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	equinox	equinox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | gerund | Numerous eggs *not said here* |  |  | the equinox |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon equinox=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A newspaper report of 1945

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:37-olympiad-how-could-you-check-it:e1:o4:1
# text = A newspaper report of 1945
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	1945	1945	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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