--- title: Identify the principal reason for which antibiotic medicines are not… — Colds, coughs and the weather · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal reason for which antibiotic medicines are not prescribed for the common cold. Exam question 2 of lesson 4 «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Myths](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/) / [Colds, coughs and the weather](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Colds, coughs and the weather Identify the principal reason for which antibiotic medicines are not prescribed for the common cold. **Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, not prescribe · **To what, where:** principal reason, antibiotic medicines This is exam question 2 of lesson 4 «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:e2:1 # text = Identify the principal reason for which antibiotic medicines are not prescribed for the common cold. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 obl _ _ 7 antibiotic antibiotic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 medicines medicine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 10 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 11 prescribed prescribe VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl:relcl _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | | 2 | **not** **prescribe** | present · passive | | antibiotic medicines | | | | for the principal reason; for the common cold | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} Antibiotics act only upon infections of the head ```conllu # sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:e2:o1:1 # text = Antibiotics act only upon infections of the head 1 Antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 act act VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 only only ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 4 upon upon ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 infections infection NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **act** | present | Antibiotics | | | | | upon infections of the head | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **infect** | | | the head | | | | | nom infection «state transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 2 {#o2} Antibiotics are reserved exclusively for adults ```conllu # sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:e2:o2:1 # text = Antibiotics are reserved exclusively for adults 1 Antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 reserved reserve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 exclusively exclusively ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 adults adult NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reserve** | present · passive | | Antibiotics | | | | for adults; exclusively *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for adult=Beneficiary | ### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3} Antibiotics act upon bacteria, whereas the cold is viral ```conllu # sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:e2:o3:1 # text = Antibiotics act upon bacteria, whereas the cold is viral 1 Antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 act act VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 upon upon ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 6 whereas whereas SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 10 viral viral ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **act** | present | Antibiotics | | | | | upon bacteria | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | present | the cold | | | | | viral *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} Antibiotics are ineffective during the winter months ```conllu # sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:e2:o4:1 # text = Antibiotics are ineffective during the winter months 1 Antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 ineffective ineffective ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 during during ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Antibiotics | | | | month | ineffective *property* | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Colds, coughs and the weather, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/e1/) - next →: [Colds, coughs and the weather, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/e3/) - ↑ back to [Colds, coughs and the weather](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/)