---
title: Two friends argue. Kai: "Colds come from viruses." Bea: "No, from co… — Colds, coughs and the weather · tree and pragmatics
description: Two friends argue. Kai: "Colds come from viruses." Bea: "No, from cold weather, that's why it's called a cold!" Who is right? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 4 «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · Colds, coughs and the weather

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two friends argue. Kai: "Colds come from viruses." Bea: "No, from cold weather, that's why it's called a cold!" Who is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Two friends, Kai, cold weather · **What happens:** argue, come, be, call · **To what, where:** viruses, cold weather, weather · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 4 «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Two friends argue.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:t3:1
# text = Two friends argue.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	argue	argue	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | Two friends |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Kai: "Colds come from viruses."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:t3:2
# text = Kai: "Colds come from viruses."
1	Kai	Kai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *in a quote* | present | Kai |  |  | viruses |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from virus=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Bea: "No, from cold weather, that's why it's called a cold!"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:t3:3
# text = Bea: "No, from cold weather, that's why it's called a cold!"
1	Bea	Bea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | cold weather | cold weather *not said here* |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | weather |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* Who is right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:t3:4
# text = Who is right?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kai, the name is old and the cause is a virus

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:t3:o1:1
# text = Kai, the name is old and the cause is a virus
1	Kai	Kai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Kai |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the cause | a virus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither, colds come from eating ice cream

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:t3:o2:1
# text = Neither, colds come from eating ice cream
1	Neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | colds |  |  |  |  | neither *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | gerund | colds *not said here* | ice cream |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both, half of colds are viruses and half weather

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:t3:o3:1
# text = Both, half of colds are viruses and half weather
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	10	compound	_	_
10	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | both half of colds | viruses and half weather |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bea, the name proves where it comes from

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather:t3:o4:1
# text = Bea, the name proves where it comes from
1	Bea	Bea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	proves	prove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | present | Bea |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | present | name |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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