---
title: It is given that a pig rolls in mud on a warm day. Ascertain the pri… — Pets and farm animals · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a pig rolls in mud on a warm day. Ascertain the principal reason for this conduct. Exam question 4 of lesson 7 «Pets and farm animals» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Pets and farm animals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a pig rolls in mud on a warm day. Ascertain the principal reason for this conduct.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** pig, you · **What happens:** give, roll, ascertain · **To what, where:** It, mud, principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 7 «Pets and farm animals» of the myths course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/myths/7-pets-and-farm-animals/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a pig rolls in mud on a warm day.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:7-pets-and-farm-animals:e4:1
# text = It is given that a pig rolls in mud on a warm day.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rolls	roll	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **roll** | present | a pig |  |  | mud | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mud=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the principal reason for this conduct.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:7-pets-and-farm-animals:e4:2
# text = Ascertain the principal reason for this conduct.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  | for this conduct | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition reason=Theme for conduct=Beneficiary |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is concealing itself from the farmer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:7-pets-and-farm-animals:e4:o1:1
# text = It is concealing itself from the farmer
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	concealing	conceal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** | present · progressive | It | itself *= it* |  |  |  | from the farmer | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent itself=Patient from farmer=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It derives pleasure from uncleanliness and seeks to repel its enemies by smell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:7-pets-and-farm-animals:e4:o2:1
# text = It derives pleasure from uncleanliness and seeks to repel its enemies by smell
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	derives	derive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pleasure	pleasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	uncleanliness	uncleanliness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	seeks	seek	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	repel	repel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | present | It | pleasure |  | uncleanliness |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent pleasure=Result from uncleanliness=Material |
| 2 | **seek** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **repel** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | uncleanliness's enemies |  |  |  | by smell | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus enemy=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is seeking food buried within the mud

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:7-pets-and-farm-animals:e4:o3:1
# text = It is seeking food buried within the mud
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	seeking	seek	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	within	within	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seek** | present · progressive | It | food |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
| 2 | **bury** | participle |  | food *not said here* |  |  |  | within the mud | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is unable to sweat sufficiently and is thereby cooled and protected

```conllu
# sent_id = question:myths:7-pets-and-farm-animals:e4:o4:1
# text = It is unable to sweat sufficiently and is thereby cooled and protected
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sweat	sweat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	cooled	cool	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sweat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | sufficiently *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cool** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» |
| 4 | **protect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Pets and farm animals, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/7-pets-and-farm-animals/e3/)
- next →: [Wild animals and tall tales, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/myths/8-wild-animals-and-tall-tales/t1/)
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