---
title: Determine the effect upon the period of a swing of the substitution… — Swings and pendulums · tree and pragmatics
description: Determine the effect upon the period of a swing of the substitution of a heavier rider for a lighter rider. Exam question 4 of lesson 10 «Swings and pendulums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Exam question 4 · Swings and pendulums

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Determine the effect upon the period of a swing of the substitution of a heavier rider for a lighter rider.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, substitution, heavier rider · **What happens:** determine, swing, substitute · **To what, where:** effect

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 10 «Swings and pendulums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/10-swings-and-pendulums/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:10-swings-and-pendulums:e4:1
# text = Determine the effect upon the period of a swing of the substitution of a heavier rider for a lighter rider.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	substitution	substitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	amod	_	_
16	rider	rider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	amod	_	_
20	rider	rider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the effect |  |  |  | upon the period of a swing of the substitution of a heavier rider for a lighter rider | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Topic |
| 2 | **swing** |  | the substitution of a heavier rider for a lighter rider |  |  |  |  |  | nom swing «state intransitive»: of=agent |
| 3 | **substitute** |  | a heavier rider for a lighter rider |  |  |  |  |  | nom substitution «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The period is considerably shortened

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:10-swings-and-pendulums:e4:o1:1
# text = The period is considerably shortened
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	considerably	considerably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	shortened	shorten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shorten** | present · passive |  | the period |  |  |  | considerably *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The period is considerably lengthened

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:10-swings-and-pendulums:e4:o2:1
# text = The period is considerably lengthened
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	considerably	considerably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	lengthened	lengthen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lengthen** | present · passive |  | the period |  |  |  | considerably *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The swing ceases to oscillate

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:10-swings-and-pendulums:e4:o3:1
# text = The swing ceases to oscillate
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ceases	cease	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	oscillate	oscillate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | present | the swing |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **oscillate** | to-infinitive | the swing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The period remains unaltered

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:10-swings-and-pendulums:e4:o4:1
# text = The period remains unaltered
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	remains	remain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unaltered	unaltered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | the period |  |  |  |  | unaltered *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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