--- title: Identify the principal means by which a submarine is caused to desce… — Floating in the real world: ice, subma… · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal means by which a submarine is caused to descend. Exam question 2 of lesson 12 «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/) / [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons Identify the principal means by which a submarine is caused to descend. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, principal, submarine · **What happens:** identify, mean, cause, descend · **To what, where:** submarine · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is exam question 2 of lesson 12 «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e2:1 # text = Identify the principal means by which a submarine is caused to descend. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 principal principal NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 ccomp _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 obl _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 submarine submarine NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 ccomp _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 descend descend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 13 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **mean** | present | the principal | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **cause** | present · passive | | a submarine | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **descend** | to-infinitive | a submarine *not said here* | | | | | | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} The folding of external wings ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e2:o1:1 # text = The folding of external wings 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 folding folding NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 external external ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fold** | | | external wings | | | | | nom folding «process transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 2 {#o2} The extinguishing of its interior lights ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e2:o2:1 # text = The extinguishing of its interior lights 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 extinguishing extinguishing ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 interior interior NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 lights light NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **light** | | its *= it* | | | | | | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} The release of all the air through its hatches into the sea ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e2:o3:1 # text = The release of all the air through its hatches into the sea 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 release release NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 6 det:predet _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 7 through through ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 hatches hatch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 10 into into ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hatch** | | air | | | | | | nom hatch «process intransitive»: poss=agent | ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} The admission of seawater into its ballast tanks ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e2:o4:1 # text = The admission of seawater into its ballast tanks 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 admission admission NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 seawater seawater NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 into into ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 7 ballast ballast NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 tanks tank NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **admit** | | | seawater | | seawater's ballast tanks | | | nom admission «act transitive»: of=patient into=place | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/e1/) - next →: [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/e3/) - ↑ back to [Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/)