---
title: It is given that the air within a hot-air balloon is permitted to co… — Floating in the real world: ice, subma… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that the air within a hot-air balloon is permitted to cool. Ascertain the consequence for the balloon. Exam question 3 of lesson 12 «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the qu
---

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# Exam question 3 · Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that the air within a hot-air balloon is permitted to cool. Ascertain the consequence for the balloon.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** give, permit, cool, ascertain · **To what, where:** It, air, consequence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 12 «Floating in the real world: ice, submarines and balloons» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that the air within a hot-air balloon is permitted to cool.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e3:1
# text = It is given that the air within a hot-air balloon is permitted to cool.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	permitted	permit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	cool	cool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **permit** | present · passive |  | the air within a air balloon |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **cool** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the consequence for the balloon.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e3:2
# text = Ascertain the consequence for the balloon.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the consequence |  |  |  | for the balloon | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition consequence=Theme for balloon=Beneficiary |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It bursts immediately

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e3:o1:1
# text = It bursts immediately
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bursts	burst	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burst** | present | It |  |  |  |  | immediately *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It descends gradually

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e3:o2:1
# text = It descends gradually
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	descends	descend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gradually	gradually	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present | It |  |  |  |  | gradually *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It ascends rapidly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e3:o3:1
# text = It ascends rapidly
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ascends	ascend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascend** | present | It |  |  |  |  | rapidly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It remains at a fixed altitude

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:12-ice-submarines-and-balloons:e3:o4:1
# text = It remains at a fixed altitude
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remains	remain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	altitude	altitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | It |  |  | a fixed altitude |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at altitude=Location |
| 2 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Floating in the real world: ice, subma…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/12-ice-submarines-and-balloons/e2/)
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