---
title: It is given that a person in the water is observed to bob and gasp w… — Water safety and the ocean · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a person in the water is observed to bob and gasp with the head inclined backwards. Ascertain the appropriate course of action for a child observer. Exam question 3 of lesson 13 «Water safety and the ocean» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and
---

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# Exam question 3 · Water safety and the ocean

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a person in the water is observed to bob and gasp with the head inclined backwards. Ascertain the appropriate course of action for a child observer.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** head, you · **What happens:** give, observe, bob, gasp, incline, ascertain · **To what, where:** It, person, appropriate course

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 13 «Water safety and the ocean» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/13-water-safety-and-the-ocean/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a person in the water is observed to bob and gasp with the head inclined backwards.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:13-water-safety-and-the-ocean:e3:1
# text = It is given that a person in the water is observed to bob and gasp with the head inclined backwards.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	bob	bob	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	gasp	gasp	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
16	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	inclined	incline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
20	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | present · passive |  | a person in the water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bob** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **gasp** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **incline** | past | the head |  |  |  |  | backwards *property* | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the appropriate course of action for a child observer.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:13-water-safety-and-the-ocean:e3:2
# text = Ascertain the appropriate course of action for a child observer.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the appropriate course of action for a child observer |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To enter the water and effect a rescue in person

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:13-water-safety-and-the-ocean:e3:o1:1
# text = To enter the water and effect a rescue in person
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	enter	enter	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rescue	rescue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | to-infinitive |  | the water and effect |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To summon an adult or lifeguard without delay

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:13-water-safety-and-the-ocean:e3:o2:1
# text = To summon an adult or lifeguard without delay
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	summon	summon	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	lifeguard	lifeguard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summon** | to-infinitive |  |  | a adult or lifeguard |  |  | without delay | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To withdraw and inform no person

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:13-water-safety-and-the-ocean:e3:o3:1
# text = To withdraw and inform no person
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	withdraw	withdraw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	inform	inform	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **withdraw** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **inform** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  | no person |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent person=Recipient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To await further signals of distress

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:13-water-safety-and-the-ocean:e3:o4:1
# text = To await further signals of distress
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	await	await	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	distress	distress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **await** | to-infinitive |  | further signals of distress |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **signal** |  |  | distress |  |  |  |  | nom signal «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Water safety and the ocean, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/13-water-safety-and-the-ocean/e2/)
- next →: [Water safety and the ocean, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/13-water-safety-and-the-ocean/e4/)
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