---
title: Identify the principal cause of the onshore breeze observed at the c… — Wind and weather · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal cause of the onshore breeze observed at the coast on a sunny afternoon. Exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Wind and weather

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal cause of the onshore breeze observed at the coast on a sunny afternoon.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, observe, cause · **To what, where:** principal cause, onshore breeze, coast

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/15-wind-and-weather/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal cause of the onshore breeze observed at the coast on a sunny afternoon.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	onshore	onshore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	breeze	breeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal cause of the onshore breeze |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | participle |  | the onshore breeze *not said here* |  | the coast | afternoon |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cause** |  |  | the onshore breeze |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The motion of the tides towards the shore during the afternoon

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e1:o1:1
# text = The motion of the tides towards the shore during the afternoon
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tides	tide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	during	during	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **motion** |  | the tides towards the shore |  |  |  | during the afternoon |  | nom motion «communication intransitive»: of=agent during=obl |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The breaking of waves upon the beach

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e1:o2:1
# text = The breaking of waves upon the beach
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	breaking	breaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cooling of the land relative to the sea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e1:o3:1
# text = The cooling of the land relative to the sea
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cooling	cooling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** |  |  | the land relative to the sea |  |  |  |  | nom cooling «process transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The more rapid warming of the land relative to the sea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e1:o4:1
# text = The more rapid warming of the land relative to the sea
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
3	rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	warming	warming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm** |  | the land relative to the sea |  |  |  |  |  | nom warming «process intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Wind and weather, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/15-wind-and-weather/t11/)
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