--- title: State the principal reason for which an aircraft commences its take-… — Wind and weather · tree and pragmatics description: State the principal reason for which an aircraft commences its take-off facing into the wind. Exam question 4 of lesson 15 «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/15-wind-and-weather/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/) / [Wind and weather](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/15-wind-and-weather/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · Wind and weather State the principal reason for which an aircraft commences its take-off facing into the wind. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** aircraft, take off · **What happens:** commence, face · **To what, where:** take off, wind This is exam question 4 of lesson 15 «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/15-wind-and-weather/#e4). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e4:1 # text = State the principal reason for which an aircraft commences its take-off facing into the wind. 1 State state NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 obl _ _ 7 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 aircraft aircraft NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 commences commence VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl _ _ 10 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 11 take take NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 12 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 13 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 13 off off NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 14 facing face VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 acl _ _ 15 into into ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **commence** | present | a aircraft | aircraft's take off | | | | for the principal reason | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent off=Eventuality | | 2 | **face** | gerund | aircraft's take off *not said here* | | | the wind | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} The passengers are thereby protected from noise ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e4:o1:1 # text = The passengers are thereby protected from noise 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 passengers passenger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 4 thereby thereby ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 protected protect VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 noise noise NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **protect** | present · passive | | the passengers | | | | from noise; thereby *property* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from noise=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} The fuel is thereby conserved entirely ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e4:o2:1 # text = The fuel is thereby conserved entirely 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 fuel fuel NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 4 thereby thereby ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 conserved conserve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 entirely entirely ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **conserve** | present · passive | | the fuel | | | | entirely, thereby *property* | tree rules | ### Option 3 {#o3} The engines are thereby cooled ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e4:o3:1 # text = The engines are thereby cooled 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 engines engine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 4 thereby thereby ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 cooled cool VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cool** | present · passive | | the engines | | | | thereby *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} The airflow over the wings, and therefore the lift, is thereby increased ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:e4:o4:1 # text = The airflow over the wings, and therefore the lift, is thereby increased 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 airflow airflow NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 over over ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 8 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 lift lift NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 12 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 13 thereby thereby ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 increased increase VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **increase** | present · passive | | the airflow over the wings and the lift | | | | thereby *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Wind and weather, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/15-wind-and-weather/e3/) - next →: [Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacu…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/t1/) - ↑ back to [Wind and weather](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/15-wind-and-weather/)