---
title: Why do pilots prefer to take off into the wind rather than with it? — Wind and weather · tree and pragmatics
description: Why do pilots prefer to take off into the wind rather than with it? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 15 «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Wind and weather

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why do pilots prefer to take off into the wind rather than with it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** pilots · **What happens:** prefer, take off · **To what, where:** wind

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 15 «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/15-wind-and-weather/#t4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:t4:1
# text = Why do pilots prefer to take off into the wind rather than with it?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	prefer	prefer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	6	advmod	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prefer** | present · do-support | pilots |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **take off** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | pilots *not said here* |  |  | the wind |  | with wind | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
More air flows over the wings, giving more lift

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:t4:o1:1
# text = More air flows over the wings, giving more lift
1	More	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | More air |  |  | the wings |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over wing=Location |
| 2 | **give** | gerund | More air *not said here* | more lift |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lift=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The windsock at the end of the runway tells them to

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:t4:o2:1
# text = The windsock at the end of the runway tells them to
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	windsock	windsock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	runway	runway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the windsock at the end of the runway |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It saves the passengers from getting dizzy as they climb

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:t4:o3:1
# text = It saves the passengers from getting dizzy as they climb
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saves	save	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	dizzy	dizzy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	climb	climb	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | present | It | the passengers |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passenger=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | dizzy *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **climb** | present | passengers *= passenger* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind cools the engines down so they work better

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:15-wind-and-weather:t4:o4:1
# text = The wind cools the engines down so they work better
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool down** | present | the wind | the engines |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent engine=Patient |
| 2 | **work** | present | engines *= engine* |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Wind and weather, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/15-wind-and-weather/t3/)
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