---
title: It is given that the volume of the chest cavity is enlarged during i… — Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacu… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that the volume of the chest cavity is enlarged during inhalation. Determine the immediate consequence. Exam question 3 of lesson 16 «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Exam question 3 · Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that the volume of the chest cavity is enlarged during inhalation. Determine the immediate consequence.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** give, enlarge, determine · **To what, where:** It, volume, immediate consequence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 16 «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that the volume of the chest cavity is enlarged during inhalation.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:e3:1
# text = It is given that the volume of the chest cavity is enlarged during inhalation.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	cavity	cavity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	enlarged	enlarge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
13	during	during	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	inhalation	inhalation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **enlarge** | present · passive |  | the volume of the chest cavity |  |  | during inhalation |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the immediate consequence.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:e3:2
# text = Determine the immediate consequence.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	immediate	immediate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the immediate consequence |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consequence=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pressure within the lungs increases and air is expelled

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:e3:o1:1
# text = The pressure within the lungs increases and air is expelled
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	within	within	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	increases	increase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	expelled	expel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | present | the pressure within the lungs |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **expel** | present · passive |  | air |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heart propels air into the lungs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:e3:o2:1
# text = The heart propels air into the lungs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	propels	propel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propel** | present | the heart | air |  | the lungs |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No movement of air occurs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:e3:o3:1
# text = No movement of air occurs
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | present | no movement of air |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **move** |  |  | air |  |  |  |  | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pressure within the lungs diminishes and external air enters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:e3:o4:1
# text = The pressure within the lungs diminishes and external air enters
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	within	within	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	diminishes	diminish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	external	external	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	enters	enter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** | present | the pressure within the lungs |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **enter** | present | external air |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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