---
title: You leave a hot jar of homemade jam to cool with the lid on tight. A… — Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacu… · tree and pragmatics
description: You leave a hot jar of homemade jam to cool with the lid on tight. A day later the lid is pulled in. Why? Test 10 · ★★ of lesson 16 «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Test 10 · ★★ · Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You leave a hot jar of homemade jam to cool with the lid on tight. A day later the lid is pulled in. Why?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** You · **What happens:** leave, cool, pull in · **To what, where:** hot jar, tight, lid

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 16 «Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* You leave a hot jar of homemade jam to cool with the lid on tight.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:t10:1
# text = You leave a hot jar of homemade jam to cool with the lid on tight.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	homemade	homemade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	cool	cool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	tight	tight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | You | a hot jar of homemade jam |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jar=Theme |
| 2 | **cool** | to-infinitive | You *not said here* |  |  | tight |  | with the lid | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with lid=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* A day later the lid is pulled in.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:t10:2
# text = A day later the lid is pulled in.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull in** | present · passive |  | the lid |  |  | day | late *property* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Why?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:t10:3
# text = Why?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone squeezed it in the night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:t10:o1:1
# text = Someone squeezed it in the night
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | past | Someone | it |  |  | night |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cooled air inside presses less than the air outside

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:t10:o2:1
# text = The cooled air inside presses less than the air outside
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cooled	cool	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	presses	press	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	obj	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cool** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **press** | present | the cooled air | less |  |  |  | than the air; outside *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent less=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jam shrank and pulled the lid down by sticking to it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:t10:o3:1
# text = The jam shrank and pulled the lid down by sticking to it
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shrank	shrink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	sticking	stick	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shrink** | past | the jam |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **pull down** | past | the jam *not said here* | the lid |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lid=Theme |
| 3 | **stick** | gerund | the jam *not said here* |  | jam |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to it=Co-Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lid got cold and shrank more than the glass

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums:t10:o4:1
# text = The lid got cold and shrank more than the glass
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shrank	shrink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	obj	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the lid |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **shrink** | past | the lid *not said here* | more |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent more=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacu…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/t9/)
- next →: [Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacu…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/t11/)
- ↑ back to [Pressure tricks: pumps, tyres and vacuums](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/16-pressure-tricks-pumps-tyres-vacuums/)