---
title: Astronomers use the same squashed and stretched waves with light fro… — Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra… · tree and pragmatics
description: Astronomers use the same squashed and stretched waves with light from stars. What can they learn? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 18 «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astronomers use the same squashed and stretched waves with light from stars. What can they learn?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Astronomers · **What happens:** use, squash, stretch, learn · **To what, where:** same squashed waves, stars

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 18 «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/#t11).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Astronomers use the same squashed and stretched waves with light from stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t11:1
# text = Astronomers use the same squashed and stretched waves with light from stars.
1	Astronomers	astronomer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	squashed	squash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Astronomers | the same squashed waves |  | stars |  | with light | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Patient |
| 2 | **squash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **stretch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What can they learn?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t11:2
# text = What can they learn?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | can | Astronomers *= astronomer* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many planets each star has

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t11:o1:1
# text = How many planets each star has
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each star | many planets *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent planet=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How fast the stars are moving towards or away from us

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t11:o2:1
# text = How fast the stars are moving towards or away from us
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present · progressive | the stars |  |  |  |  | away, fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How hot the stars are inside

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t11:o3:1
# text = How hot the stars are inside
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
6	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the stars |  |  |  |  | hot, inside *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How old the stars are

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t11:o4:1
# text = How old the stars are
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the stars |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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