---
title: A whip makes a sharp crack. What is happening at its tip? — Thunder, sirens and how fast sound tra… · tree and pragmatics
description: A whip makes a sharp crack. What is happening at its tip? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 18 «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 8 · ★ · Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A whip makes a sharp crack. What is happening at its tip?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** whip · **What happens:** make, happen · **To what, where:** sharp crack, tip

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 18 «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A whip makes a sharp crack.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t8:1
# text = A whip makes a sharp crack.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a whip | a sharp crack |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material crack=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is happening at its tip?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t8:2
# text = What is happening at its tip?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tip	tip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present · progressive |  |  |  | whip's tip |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at tip=Location |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leather at the very end snaps in two with a crack

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t8:o1:1
# text = The leather at the very end snaps in two with a crack
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	snaps	snap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snap** | present | the leather at the end |  |  | two |  | with a crack | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in two=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tip of the whip hits a fly that is passing by

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t8:o2:1
# text = The tip of the whip hits a fly that is passing by
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tip	tip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	hits	hit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fly	fly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | present | the tip of the whip | a fly |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fly=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **pass by** | present · progressive | a fly |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It moves faster than sound and makes a tiny boom

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t8:o3:1
# text = It moves faster than sound and makes a tiny boom
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	boom	boom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | It |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | a tiny boom |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset boom=Product |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The handle makes the crack, and the tip makes nothing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels:t8:o4:1
# text = The handle makes the crack, and the tip makes nothing
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tip	tip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the handle | the crack |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset crack=Product |
| 2 | **make** | present | the tip | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nothing=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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