--- title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Light and shadows · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the perception of a non-luminous object? Exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was righ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/) / [Light and shadows](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Light and shadows Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the perception of a non-luminous object? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, perceive · **To what, where:** perception, non-luminous object This is exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/20-light-and-shadows/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e2:1 # text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the perception of a non-luminous object? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 statements statement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 accurately accurately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 characterises characteris VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 perception perception NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 non-luminous non-luminous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 object object NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 15 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **characteris** | present | | the perception of a non-luminous object | | | | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **perceive** | | | a non-luminous object | | | | | nom perception «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} Light reflected from the object enters the eye ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e2:o1:1 # text = Light reflected from the object enters the eye 1 Light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 reflected reflect VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 from from SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 object object NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 enters enter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reflect** | past | Light | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **enter** | present | the object | the eye | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme eye=Destination | ### Option 2 {#o2} Rays emitted by the eye travel out and strike the object ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e2:o2:1 # text = Rays emitted by the eye travel out and strike the object 1 Rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 2 emitted emit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 acl _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 travel travel NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 out out ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 strike strike VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 object object NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **emit** | participle | | Rays *not said here* | | | | by the eye travel | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source | | 2 | **strike** | infinitive | | the object | | | | | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent object=Patient | ### Option 3 {#o3} The object is perceived by its warmth ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e2:o3:1 # text = The object is perceived by its warmth 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 object object NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 perceived perceive VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 warmth warmth NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **perceive** | present · passive | object's warmth | the object | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus | ### Option 4 {#o4} The object emits light of its own ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e2:o4:1 # text = The object emits light of its own 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 object object NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 emits emit VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **emit** | present | the object | light of object's own | | | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Light and shadows, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/e1/) - next →: [Light and shadows, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/e3/) - ↑ back to [Light and shadows](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/)